ACW: Stones River (1862-1863)

This will have to be an even briefer report than the last, again without any substantial Reflections because of time pressure, but it was a game that deserves to be recorded.

Back in 2018 our good friend Vincent Tsao wrote a scenario for the battle of Stones River.  Now that we are focusing seriously on putting together a collection of American Civil War BBB scenarios for publication, Vincent has kindly agreed we can use his scenarios in it. We therefore gave this one a test run today. It produced a real ding-dong scrap and classic BBB finish.

Only three photos, so you're going to have to imagine a lot of the action.

The battlefield viewed from the Confederate side. Figures are Baccus 6mm from Crispin's collection. The custom battlemat is his work too. Figures on dark bases are Union, light bases Confederate.

We replaced Vincent's original victory conditions with a conventional BBB Objective location formula. White counters mark Objectives - key points along the US line, plus others on both sides' lines of communication. US needs to hold 6 at game end for a draw (roughly the top right quarter of the battlefield) or 7 for a win.

US centre is pinned on Turn 1, can move at a -1 on Turn 2, released on Turn 3. US left wing is pinned for a turn longer. This reflects US being surprised and preempted by the Confederate left-hook attack.

In our game, that left hook didn't go so well for a while, driven back initially with heavy casualties. The US swiftly formed a solid line there that held Phil's Rebs at bay for a long time. When he finally got the upper hand and forced the Union right wing back, it was too late for him to be able to reach the LOC objectives.

Meanwhile, in the centre, Sheridan (pink counter) was doing his historical thing and keeping superior numbers at bay for a long time. After repeated attacks and counterattacks, my Rebs did eventually drive Sheridan's spent command back into the woods and claim the junction Objective, but again too late to take any others beyond it.

For a while, things looked best for us on our right. Breckinridge got across, routed Wood's division, overran an artillery battalion, and inflicted further losses. The bridge Objective looked secure. However, on the last turn, Wood's men rallied and charged, enabling Stanley's newly-arrived cavalry to gallop round behind and retake it. A draw, snatched from the jaws of Union defeat!

It was a stonking good game and seems it will need minimal revision. The victory conditions need refining and it would be nice to add a way to fight the second day for those who want to (the original scenario doesn't cover that). But kudos to Vincent for such a good scenario and many thanks for the entertainment.

Peninsular battle at Warfare 2025: Sagunto

Had a fantastic day at the Warfare 2025 show, deserves a fuller write-up but this brief report will have to do. Met lots of good people, had great conversations, ran our participation game twice and entertained all the players who joined in. Big thank you to them, to W.A.R. for running the show, to my OWS comrades for running the game, and to everyone we spoke to.

The game was Sagunto (1811) (aka Saguntum), a Peninsular War battle in which a Spanish army under Blake is trying to relieve the besieged Sagunto castle north of Valencia. The French Marshal Suchet moves to meet him and an encounter battle results.

Looking west from the coast. Spanish (red labels) are advancing left to right = north. French arrive to meet them from the right. Most of both armies are on the coastal plain. However, the French have sent a force through the Sancti Espiritu pass (upper right) which will meet Spanish coming from top left, as well as more that arrive Turn 4 or 5 from top right corner. White counters are Objective locations. (This was a playtest; we since adjusted these, removing the ones behind the Spanish lines in Cartuja and El Puig and adding one to the French-held Convento del Val de Jesus.) Basically, if the Spanish hold their line, it is a draw; if either side makes a significant inroad into the enemy line, they win.

Close-up of the French emerging from the pass. All figures are Baccus 6mm from Mark's collection.

And a view of the initial French front line on the coastal plain. Note the purple label = the Poles of the Vistula Legion. On Turns 1 and 2 these will be joined by more French reinforcements, including aggressive high-quality Italian infantry and seriously good shock cavalry.

The bulk of the Spanish army: a very good veteran unit left foreground about to occupy Puzol, some decent line troops right of pic, otherwise a lot of raw stuff filling the ranks.

Arriving from the southwest is the Spanish Army of Murcia, which isn't very keen on attacking. (Rated Passive.)

Things went badly for the French in the pass. Disrupted by Spanish cannon fire, the lead brigade failed to rally. It was then charged and destroyed by overwhelming Spanish numbers. The Spanish then surged up the mountainside against the second French brigade, which repelled them with heavy losses. Still, the French threat on this wing was effectively over by Turn 3.

Boldly the French cross the Baranco del Arenal stream. They will proceed to launch a series of aggressive but poorly coordinated and desperately unlucky assaults. (Phil's dice played a significant part. As did passing player Bob, whose first roll when he joined in was 12.)

Turn 4, about halfway through the game. Assorted cubes show the effects. Yellow = Disrupted. Black = Low on ammo (the Spanish have met the French with some murderous volleys). The Vistula Legion is no longer with us. The French dragoons have been wiped out in a bloody charge (they took some Spaniards with them) and the shock cavalry, the cuirassiers, are in shock.

View from the Spanish side. There were a few more turns of hard pounding here but the French could not make any headway. A clear Spanish victory.

We reset and played it again. It was a quite different game second time round. The dice were less dramatic and the French more patient, setting up their attacks properly, preparing with fire, etc. They managed to take both the objectives in the above picture (the hillock of El Hostalet on the left and the village of Puzol on the right) and it was a more even fight around the pass as well. A French victory this time, I think.

No Reflections for you tonight, beyond saying that it's a good scenario. Both sides have to maneuver; both have to attack if they want to win; it revolves around two somewhat separate and different axes of attack and the players have choices to make about how much to commit on each axis and how. Also it offers French (and Polish and Italian) quality vs Spanish quantity, which is always a good asymmetry in a game.

Recommended!

Peninsular War: Valencia (1811)

Off to Iberia this week! (As a game setting, not an actual trip. Though I was there a few months ago when I visited the Vitoria battlefield.) In parallel with the mammoth task of writing and playtesting scenarios for all the major battles of the American Civil War, I've also been helping Mark, who's focusing on his set of Napoleonic scenarios for the Peninsular War. Yesterday's foray was the battle of Valencia (1811), which resulted in the siege of Valencia.

What a fine 18th-century army Spain has! Too bad we're into the 19th.

(Baccus 6mm figures from Mark's collection.)

Here's the history: having been defeated in the battle of Sagunto, the Spanish General Blake was now trying to hold the line of the River Turia, on which the city of Valencia lies. His army comprised 30,000+ troops of rather variable quality: some experienced regulars, but an awful lot of raw militia of various types. Marshal Suchet's French Army of Aragon was somewhat smaller but all veterans. On 25 December, Suchet sent Habert to feint against the coastal end of the Spanish lines, and Palombini to pin the Spanish centre, while Suchet himself led a big right hook to get behind the Spanish army and trap it in Valencia. Blake had anticipated this but had not anticipated just how quickly the French would move, nor how quickly his own army would crumble - his right collapsed and turned Habert's feint into a breakthrough. About 10,000 Spanish troops escaped but Blake and most of his men were trapped. Two weeks later, Valencia fell and he and 16,000 men surrendered.

I played this some months ago as the Spanish. It was amusingly (and not entirely unhistorically) disastrous but a little too much of a French walkover then. Mark had therefore amended the scenario somewhat. Here's how it went.

Let's get you oriented. This is a view from the French side, looking south across the Turia. The city of Valencia is lower left; the northeast corner is coastline (out of shot lower left). White Objective counters mark the city, assorted forts and villages along the Spanish fortified line, and the village of Torente in the Spanish rear (top centre). Note also the two wagons behind Valencia: these need to escape up the road to the south. The Spanish also earn points if a couple of their decent infantry units can escape off the table there or through Torente. They need some combo of these to add up to 4 for a draw or 5 for a win.

All the troops south of the river are Spanish. To reflect the fact that Blake had to at least put up a show of making a fight of it, they can't just all leg it on Turn 1, but must stay within 6" of the river for the first three turns.

Help is at hand for the Spanish in the form of the Royal Navy, which directed harassing fire against the French left flank for much of the game. Unflocked Warbases may work OK for dusty Spanish plains, not so good for the Mediterranean ...

Ben and I were the French. I took the right, he took our left and centre. Our plan was to avoid Valencia itself initially, shift our force from the centre to back up our left, and try to break through the raw fragile Spanish militia there (marked with pink cubes). To help with that, we agreed Ben should rumble his guns right up into cannister range. Here you see our left wing starting to move up to prepare to assault across the river against the Spanish right (commanded by Luke).

The best Spanish troops were in the centre (commanded by Crispin), supported by two artillery units. By moving our centre to the left, we avoided these and added punch where we wanted it.

Meanwhile, Dave T commanded the Spanish left. The next pic shows how much it was 'hanging in the air', hence this was my target for outflanking and enveloping. Note the handcrafted buildings by our talented friend Colin the Wargamer.

Consequently, Turn 1 saw me push up to the river by the western edge of the table. The infantry and cavalry can wade it but the artillery will need that pontoon bridge sitting by General Harispe. Musnier's division marches over the hills to cover the flank of my main push. Look top left and you will see one bold Spanish brigade has crossed the Turia, aiming to delay and disrupt our advance. A second will follow it. This will not go well for them circa Turn 4, after Severoli's Italians arrive to reinforce the French (one of the reckless Spanish units will be routed, the other forced to fall back behind the Turia again).

Over on the left: immediate breakthrough! Ben's men stormed across, routed one militia brigade and exploited to get behind another. With the impetuosity of youth, he also attempted an exploitation attack into the enemy fortification against poor odds, but was repulsed with loss back to the village at left edge. (These youngsters and their need for instant gratification, eh?) Developments around Valencia too, where our centre division's leftward shift has drawn Spanish troops in to defend the city against them - even though we had no real intention of attacking it directly yet.

Now we are looking downriver, east, as my right hook develops. Spanish cavalry (right edge) canter forward to try to pin my infantry but wisely don't dare to charge. My brigade by the bridge will scare them off again when it advances.

Two or three turns later, Ben is making progress. He has routed some more militia and got more troops across the river. However, a Spanish counterattack from around Valencia destroys a French brigade and boots another back across the Turia. See-saw action here for a while. Top left, the wagons make their getaway.

A more decisive breakthrough on our right. Backed up by two further divisions of reinforcements (pushing across the river left and lower left), we have smashed the Spanish off the hilltop at Manises (centre foreground) and gone on to storm the fort at San Onofre (centre of pic). The Poles (top right) have fended off the Spanish cavalry and are about to be backed up by my dragoons (out of pic) to threaten the Spanish escape route, while the bulk of my force will brush aside the couple of Spanish units left in front of it (top centre).

At that point, as some players needed to leave early (and not all the Spanish players were keen to play through the extermination phase), we stopped it with a couple of turns still to play. The Spanish still held four Objective locations, but were likely to lose one or two of these; on the other hand, one of their units had escaped and they were likely to get another one or two away. All three results were still possible but the probable one was a draw. Regardless - a fun game, two very different armies facing each other in an interesting scenario situation, and plenty of movement and action along the way. Bags of flavour!

Reflections

Grand tactical maneuver. This game definitely had the feel of maneuver on a grand scale. I could have told the story of the battle with some very large and clear arrows on a map. Our left and right hook combo, the centre's left shift, and the Spanish reaction to those; the decisive commitment of French reinforcements on Turns 2 & 3; the Spanish counterattack around Valencia, the spoiling attack by their left, and the Spanish withdrawal in the face of my right hook; all of these felt very bold-brush and emphatic. It was also nice that both sides had major maneuvers to execute. Somewhat unexpected for a game that was nominally about breaching and clearing a fortified defensive line!

How much fun is it to be crushed? This is a one-sided battle in that the French quality advantage is such that, given time, the Spanish army will almost inevitably be destroyed. It therefore becomes a question of how quickly and thoroughly the French can destroy it. Of course, the scenario design enables the Spanish to 'win' in game terms if they get crushed significantly less than they were historically. Some players enjoy being on the rough end of that equation more than others, e.g., Dave W revels in it; others less so. Maybe it merits another 'Reflections' essay to go with my one on Wargaming One-Sided Wars.

Try it yourself at Warfare 2025. OK, not the same battle, but the prequel to it: Mark and I will be running the Battle of Sagunto at the Warfare 2025 show in Farnborough on Sunday. Come along!

BBB Peninsular War book - not long now. We are now about four playtests away from finishing the whole set, say two or three months. Obviously there will then be some editing and polishing to do, but that will be a matter of a few more weeks rather than months. We should have a nice BBB Peninsular War book ready for you soon!

Can't beat 'em at Antietam

America's bloodiest day, the Battle of Antietam, got the BBB treatment this week. This was another of Matt's works of art in terms of both his scenario and his custom-made terrain.

"Here they come agin, boys!"

Most readers will know at least a little about this American Civil War battle from 1862 and recognise names from it such as Dunker Church, Bloody Lane and Burnside's Bridge. Famously, McClellan failed to exploit his substantial numerical superiority: not only was his Union army held off by Lee's Confederates on the battlefield, he then neglected to pursue when Lee withdrew. 

Matt's game kept six players entertained and produced a classic dramatic finish. I can do no better than show you 14 annotated photos, with a few provoked thoughts at the end.

The battlefield prior to deployment, viewed from the Confederate side. Most of the US force arrives from left of pic but some start top right. There are five Objectives: Dunker Church (center of pic), Bloody Lane (the rail fences above right of the church), Burnside's Bridge (top right), the town of Sharpsburg (lower right) and the road exit below it (Shepherdstown Pike). If either side holds four or more of these at game end, that's a win; otherwise, it is a draw.

Burnside's IX Corps, facing the Confederate right, has to sit still contemplating the bridge for the first three turns before being allowed to move. Note the little Confederate flag pin by the bridge indicating it is a Confederate-held objective.

Most of the Union army (I, II & XII Corps) arrives from the north to attack the Confederate left flank. Figures are 6mm from Matt's collection.

Close-up of the Confederate forces before they deploy ...

... and how Nick O and I chose to deploy them. Nick commanded our left (confusingly, this mostly comprised what was formally the Confederates' Right Wing formation); I commanded our right, namely the troops in Bloody Lane (right of pic) and at Burnside's Bridge (out of pic lower right).

The action kicks off on our left. A couple of US divisions immediately press against the Dunker Church, while others shake out (top left) to try and push through our extreme left flank. Sensibly, we have a few batteries guarding against that (lower left corner). Stuart's cavalry graze in reserve (right edge).

Turn 4 arrives, and with it the first US attempt to assault across Burnside's Bridge. Despite McLaws's men being disrupted by US preparatory fire, their volleys prevent Scammon from crossing.

However, the rest of Burnside's corps has crossed at Snavely's Ford, in the Confederate rear. Problem! The turn before, I had done the Duke of York thing. See that corner of a base, left centre edge? That's my other division that I have just sent north to help out Nick, who is now under a lot of pressure. I'm going to have to turn it round and bring it back. Luckily, I do have some artillery available, which I deploy lower left of pic. That plus US passivity might delay Wilcox & Sturgis just long enough.

Meanwhile, there has been intense fighting around the Dunker Church for several turns, with assault and counter-assault. At one point, Nick had to commit JEB's cavalry to a charge, which was repelled with loss by supporting Union artillery (out of shot on the hill top right). The Union hangs on to this objective.

Time to pan out for an overview late in the game. As it stands, since the US has only taken one Objective, we are heading for a Confederate victory. Lower left of pic, Mark is pressing hard against Nick's left, but is running out of steam and unlikely to reach Sharpsburg. Dave T has committed his last reserve to charge into the cornfield beyond the Dunker Church, but these are his worst troops and Nick will repel them easily. Union hopes therefore rely on taking Bloody Lane (top centre) where Dave W has arrived with VI Cps and Pleasonton's cavalry, and/or Burnside's bridge (where Will is pressing from both directions).

Burnside's men have made four unsuccessful attempts to storm across the bridge. McLaws's men are now depleted, so this fifth and final go is the Union's best chance yet - but my Rebs roll just high enough (9 on 2d6) to stop the assault yet again. Still, the threat is not over, as Wilcox and Sturgis charge up the hill behind the bridge. Can they smash Jones back and exploit into McLaws's rear? No!

Everything therefore rests on Bloody Lane. Smith's division valiantly charges the Confederate guns to distract them, while Slocum's is about to launch its assault on the Objective. This will succeed in expelling Ewell's Confederate division. The Union takes its second Objective, enough for a draw ...

... except that Ewell's men rally and counterattack, with Stuart's gallant cavalrymen charging alongside them. The Union players' firing dice let them down, both charges go in, and Slocum is driven out again. Victory goes to the Confederacy!

Reflections

A Game on a Knife-Edge. On the face of it, this looks like a comfortable Confederate win: the US only ever took two Objectives, the second not until the final turn, when it was retaken immediately. Well, it didn't feel comfortable to us Confederates at the time. Our gray line was stretched pretty thin and constantly felt as though it could give way at any moment. All it would have taken was a couple of unlucky dice at Burnside's Bridge and not only would that objective have fallen but Burnside would then also have threatened Sharpsburg and the Shepherdstown Pike beyond it. Similarly, the masses on the Union right could have overwhelmed Nick's left if he hadn't rolled some timely boxcars. The tension on our side was unremitting; it was balanced by the frustration on the Union side, which was suitably historically handicapped by being rated Passive and not having any Generals represented, so they had trouble coordinating massed assaults. To me, this contrast really seemed to capture the essence of the battle.

Form versus Function. Matt's terrain is beautifully realistic, his unit status markers are little works of art in keeping with it (mounted figures for Disrupted, ammo boxes for Low Ammo, casualty figures for Spent, etc). However, they all blend in so perfectly that it is sometimes hard to tell where woods start and finish, hence who is in cover; it is easy to overlook the fact that eg a unit is Disrupted; and his flags for objectives are tasteful but discreet. This is form prioritised over function. At the opposite extreme, Crispin favours plastic counters (as prescribed in the rulebook), which are almost impossible to overlook but less aesthetically pleasing; and his custom-made battlemats demarcate terrain features very clearly, but are more like maps than landscape models. Somewhere in the middle is my own set-up, using different-coloured wool roving 'puffs of smoke' for status markers (nicely visible, not too harsh) and a mix of felt and models for the terrain. Each has its merits and I am happy to play on all of them.

Scenario Balance. This is one of the most important and best-known ACW battles and a crucial one to get right. We debated appropriate objectives before the game, during it, and since. I'm inclined to think Matt's formula this time is good enough: probably it will usually end in a draw, but when either side does win, they will either have earned it or (as I think we were here) been very lucky!

An earlier version of Matt's scenario is available in the io group files here. (You need to join the group to gain access.)

A double dose of Dorking

What a magnificent and memorable occasion! I am recently returned from a four-day wargaming extravaganza at our friend Phil's large and lovely holiday home in France. Eight of us convened there on Thursday evening and had fun fighting and feasting until our Tuesday morning departure.

The hardcore wargaming was leavened by non-military-related card and board games. The full list of games played was this, I think:

Gettysburg (BBB) - the iconic American Civil War battle, with custom terrain

Gravelotte (BBB) - the epic Franco-Prussian War battle, with custom terrain

France 1940 (O Group)

WWII naval Pacific (Nimitz)

WWII naval North Atlantic (Nimitz)

Startups (card game)

High Society (card game)

Junta (board game) - the classic game designed by Vincent Tsao, friend of BBB and quartermaster of the Corlears Hook Fencibles

Decrypto (party game)

Dorking 1875 (BBB)

Dorking 1940 (O Group)

I will focus on these last two because it was such a delightful conceit on Phil's part to run them both. Many wargamers will know of the book by George Tomkyns Chesney, The Battle of Dorking: Reminiscences of a Volunteer, published in 1871, about a fictional future German invasion of England in 1875. Some readers may even have wargamed the Battle of Dorking, as I am sure I have seen it done as a convention game a couple of times. Anyway, this time it was our turn, as Phil had decided he wanted to do it. In fact, he was so keen that he cut out custom hills for the terrain and was still frantically painting the last guardsmen when we arrived. We duly fought the 1875 battle and enjoyed it so much that it seemed a good idea to fight a 1940 version as well.

Some 17 annotated photos tell you how our two games went. A few reflections follow.

The Dorking gap, looking south. Germans will arrive from the south edge (top of pic). The large building on a square is the town of Dorking. Roads and rail lines run N-S and E-W. The River Mole runs through the gap. The major ridge on the left is Box Hill. The nearer building in the centre is Westhumble Station; the one lower right is Polesden Lacey; lower left, I think the King William IV inn. On the small ridge top left is where Graham used to live, above the railway tunnel. All of these were objectives, as was the major ridge on the right as well.

In addition, this party of Royal Engineers was a timed objective. The Germans had to overrun them by Turn 2, otherwise they would demolish a strategic section of railway line. Surprisingly, the German players didn't even try - too intent on their right-hook plan (and too wary of British covering fire).

I commanded the British right, a brigade of one regular battalion (one seen here) and three of rifle volunteers. My mission was to hold the righthand ridge. This is Turn 1: the Hun has occupied Dorking and is sweeping towards Box Hill, ignoring me initially and letting the RE do their vital work. White counters mark objectives. (Figures are Pendraken 10mm from Phil's collection. Forgive his unflocked bases - he was painting them right to the last minute. I think the guards deployed while they were still wet!)

Front view of my position, showing some RVs in the line. A second RV bn is left of pic. The union jack marker is my third RV bn in reserve. (We also had a couple of dummy unit markers.) The Polesden Lacey manor house is just visible top of pic, subsequent home of the famed beauty, Lady Greville.

The German right, commanded by Crispin, collides with our left, commanded by Phil, on Box Hill.

A Phil's-eye view of the repeated assaults on Box Hill. The Germans soon set up a Grossbatterie (out of shot top of pic) that did great execution. The blue counter shows the British regulars are now Spent.

A couple of turns later, another corps arrived on the German left, commanded by Dave. My thin line of Rifle Volunteers in the foreground did not keep Dave's Germans off the high ground for long.

My first RV bn having been swiftly routed, I was obliged to wheel my remaining three bns to the right to face Dave's onslaught. A brigade of Germans promptly sortied from Dorking to scale the heights and mow down my regulars from behind. Blue and yellow counters show the effects of the German fire. Fortunately, a battalion of guards had de-trained at Westhumble. Phil sent these up the hill (lower left) to take the Germans in flank and contest control of the ridge.

Box Hill has fallen to the Germans, who swarm across it towards the inn (left foreground), held only by a few Yeomanry cavalry, and Westhumble Station, which is more stoutly garrisoned.

Nevertheless, at game end, both these objectives fall to the Hun. However, a couple of rolls on the random events table have helped us. Top of pic, outraged citizens have armed themselves and, with their rallying cry of "Take Back Control", seized Dorking. Out of pic to the right, the East Surrey Hunt has mustered to protect Lady Greville's honour and distracted a German brigade or two enough to preserve Polesden Lacey and retain the western ridge. The victory conditions were somewhat provisional (Mark and Phil only finalised the scenario at 2am the night before) but I believe it ended in an honourable draw.

For our O Group battle of Dorking set 65 years later, we had to zoom in somewhat. Essentially we were fighting over one shoulder of the gap. This is the battlefield seen from the south, the edge where the Germans arrive. The righthand half of the table is the end of Box Hill, with a substantial concrete bunker and some trenches. The River Mole divides it from the road and rail routes through the gap and Westhumble station (upper left, next to the railway, obviously).

I commanded the British left. Our mortar FOO had a splendid view from Box Hill.

Whereas the 1875 game was a properly designed scenario, the 1940 one was a much more ad hoc exercise in getting the toys on the table, as Phil doesn't often get a chance to use his 1940 collection. We British defenders therefore had nearly as many troops as the Germans and both sides kept bringing on more, which made it hard for the attackers to break through. Here we see Crispin's Pz Is and Kradschützen advancing past a couple of burning Pz IIs.

Of course, one way to help an attacker to break through is to have Stukas smash holes in the defence. This German airstrike destroyed both our A9s and seriously discouraged a Mk VI troop. (Though Mark, the other German commander, did later reflect that he'd have done better to pummel the infantry defending the station.)

The Stuka also destroyed our 25-pdr. Our infantry and their Boyes AT rifle hunker down to defend the vital bridge.

Climax of the game was a double assault on the station, first by a motorcycle platoon, then by a Panzergrenadier platoon. Both were repelled by the tightest of margins - it came down to the company commander's Webley to swing it.

What else would you put under the cloth to make hills for a 1940 game?

Reflections

The value of what-ifs. I wrote a "Reflections on Wargaming" essay on this a couple of years ago. Both our Dorking games were extreme what-ifs, gaming battles as part of invasions that never happened. Nevertheless, they were thought-provoking and generated much discussion about both putative invasions. Essentially this boiled down to the conclusion that the existence of the Royal Navy ruled them both out, barring some Wunderwaffe of the kind hinted at but not properly described by Chesney. As for the battles themselves, the 1875 one went pretty much the way Chesney has it - given another turn or two, the thin red line would have collapsed under the weight of German numbers; the 1940 one was instructive in how difficult it was for the Germans to make progress until the Stukas blew a hole in the defenders.

The value of custom terrain. The terrain shapes the battle. For historical refights to have the right shape, it is therefore important to represent the terrain reasonably accurately. Hills are a particular challenge in this respect (see my essay on that too). For the Dorking game (and Gettysburg and Gravelotte), Phil had gone to great trouble to carve custom hills of exactly the right shape. These undoubtedly made the games more realistic, not to mention looking great. It's not worth the effort for every battle, but for major ones like these that are likely to be played again and again it surely is.

Rationalizing the dice. BBB's use of 2D6 for unit activation, firing and assaults means that, while 'average' results will predominate, there is always a small chance of something rather less likely happening. When that occurs - the devastating fire being brushed off, the overwhelming assault repulsed, the vital brigade next to the commander-in-chief failing to move at the critical time - it is important to be able to tell ourselves a plausible story about what must have happened to produce that result. A nice case in point arose in the 1875 game. Dave's corps was poised to swarm my few defenders on my ridge. The random event for that turn was that the East Surrey Hunt appeared at Polesden Lacey. Three of Dave's brigades promptly failed their movement rolls and sat paralysed for an hour. Our rationalisation? Clearly, they had heard the Hunt's hunting horns and assumed a large force had arrived on their flank!

Getting the toys on the table. While a lovingly crafted, perfectly balanced scenario that generates a close contest and a nailbiting climax is always welcome, there is also considerable pleasure to be had from much less tightly scripted affairs. Our 1940 game was the sketchiest of scenarios - after all, it was entirely fictional anyway - Phil just gave both sides whatever he liked, reinforcing the Germans as they bogged down and reinforcing the British as their defences creaked. The ultimate meta-victory conditions were achieved - he got his toys on the table and we all enjoyed a good-looking game and a ding-dong scrap.

An army marches on its stomach. The rations during our four days were excellent. It behoves me to pay tribute here to the redoubtable Lisa, who conjured up culinary miracles every day, amazing in both quality and quantity. Fortunately Phil's cellar had sufficient wine and Armagnac to wash these down. Fair to say the troops' morale was high throughout.

The HQGE. Another of my "Reflections" essays was this one on the "High Quality Gaming Experience". It lists six key ingredients: Terrain, Troops, Venue, Rules, Scenario, Company. Our four days in France had all of these in spades. This was an Extremely High Quality Gaming Experience and one I hope will be repeated. A la prochaine!